Empiricism- empirical way of doing things. a method or practice.
Structuralism- any theory that is made up of of structural principles.
Functionalism- a psychologist who studies behavior.
Psychology- the study of human behavior and why people do the things they do.
Nature-nurture issue- a conflict concerning the importance of nature and nurture in a wide variety of individual development. ex: personality, intelligence, or mental illness.
Natural selection- the process by which life forms have traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures and they will pass these traits through the generations.
Basic research-is research carried out to increase understanding of fundamental ideas.
Applied research- using basic research to develop real life ideas and products.
Clinical psychology- a career in psychology that deals with diagnosing personality and behavioral disorders.
Psychiatry- a career in which you diagnose and treat mental disorders.
Hindsight bias- the tendency to believe, after learning of an outcome, that one could have foreseen it.
Critical thinking- using the mental process of analyzing and evaluating.
Theory- using facts and thorough research to develop an explanation.
Hypothesis- a scientific guess.
Operational definition- statement that describes how a particular variable is to be measured or evaluated.
Case study-a careful study of some social unit and what factors led to its success or failure.
Survey-
False consensus effect- the tendency for people to project their way of thinking onto other people.
Population- the number of people or things in a given place.
Random sample- a sample grabbed at random.
Naturalistic observation- A research method in which the scientist observes people as they engage in common everyday activities in their natural habitats.
Correlation- a reciprocal relation between two or more things.
Scatterplot- The pattern of points due to plotting two variables on a graph.
Illusory correlation- is the phenomenon of seeing the relationship one expects in a set of data even when no such relationship exists.
Experiment- a very powerful type of study that psychologists conduct in order to determine whether one variable causes another variable.
Double-blind procedure- an experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects.
Placebo effect-
Experimental condition- the procedure that is varied in order to estimate a variable's effect by comparison with a control condition.
Control condition- a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment.
Random assignment- the participants are assigned to either the experimental or control group by chance.
Independent variable- the factor that the researcher manipulates, or the variable whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable- the outcome that is being measured, or the variable that might change depending on the independent variable.
Mode- the number that occurs the most in a set of numbers.
Mean- the average of a set of numbers.
Median- the number that occurs the most in a set of numbers.
Range- the smallest number subtracted from the largest number. (in a set of numbers).
Standard deviation- A statistical measure of variability in a population of individuals or in a set of data.
Statistical significance- A measure of how unlikely it is that a result has occurred by chance.
Culture- a particular society at a particular time and place.
Structuralism- any theory that is made up of of structural principles.
Functionalism- a psychologist who studies behavior.
Psychology- the study of human behavior and why people do the things they do.
Nature-nurture issue- a conflict concerning the importance of nature and nurture in a wide variety of individual development. ex: personality, intelligence, or mental illness.
Natural selection- the process by which life forms have traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures and they will pass these traits through the generations.
Basic research-is research carried out to increase understanding of fundamental ideas.
Applied research- using basic research to develop real life ideas and products.
Clinical psychology- a career in psychology that deals with diagnosing personality and behavioral disorders.
Psychiatry- a career in which you diagnose and treat mental disorders.
Hindsight bias- the tendency to believe, after learning of an outcome, that one could have foreseen it.
Critical thinking- using the mental process of analyzing and evaluating.
Theory- using facts and thorough research to develop an explanation.
Hypothesis- a scientific guess.
Operational definition- statement that describes how a particular variable is to be measured or evaluated.
Case study-a careful study of some social unit and what factors led to its success or failure.
Survey-
False consensus effect- the tendency for people to project their way of thinking onto other people.
Population- the number of people or things in a given place.
Random sample- a sample grabbed at random.
Naturalistic observation- A research method in which the scientist observes people as they engage in common everyday activities in their natural habitats.
Correlation- a reciprocal relation between two or more things.
Scatterplot- The pattern of points due to plotting two variables on a graph.
Illusory correlation- is the phenomenon of seeing the relationship one expects in a set of data even when no such relationship exists.
Experiment- a very powerful type of study that psychologists conduct in order to determine whether one variable causes another variable.
Double-blind procedure- an experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects.
Placebo effect-
Experimental condition- the procedure that is varied in order to estimate a variable's effect by comparison with a control condition.
Control condition- a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment.
Random assignment- the participants are assigned to either the experimental or control group by chance.
Independent variable- the factor that the researcher manipulates, or the variable whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable- the outcome that is being measured, or the variable that might change depending on the independent variable.
Mode- the number that occurs the most in a set of numbers.
Mean- the average of a set of numbers.
Median- the number that occurs the most in a set of numbers.
Range- the smallest number subtracted from the largest number. (in a set of numbers).
Standard deviation- A statistical measure of variability in a population of individuals or in a set of data.
Statistical significance- A measure of how unlikely it is that a result has occurred by chance.
Culture- a particular society at a particular time and place.
Bias- influence in an unfair way.
Ethics- study of moral values and rules.